Discover North Korea

North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, is a country located on the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. It is bordered by China and Russia to the north, and by South Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city, serving as the political, economic, and cultural center of the nation.

The country is known for its unique political and social systems, as well as its isolated and secretive nature. North Korea has been a subject of international interest due to its nuclear weapons program, human rights issues, and diplomatic relations with other countries.

North Korean Flag

The North Korean flag consists of three horizontal stripes; the wide, double red stripe in the center symbolizes the communist revolution and the red bloodshed of patriots. It is flanked by a narrow white stripe and a blue stripe. The white portrays purity, while the blue stands for the desire for peace and friendship. The red five-pointed star in the center represents the Korean Workers’ Party and its guidance. The interlocking red and blue stripes on the flag symbolize the unity of the Korean people. The flag is a powerful national symbol and is an important part of North Korean culture and identity.

North Korean Map

North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), is located on the northern portion of the Korean Peninsula. The country shares its borders with China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and South Korea to the south. The capital city, Pyongyang, is situated in the western part of the country along the Taedong River.

North Korea covers an area of approximately 120,540 square kilometers, making it a relatively small country in terms of land area. The terrain is diverse, consisting of mountain ranges, coastal plains, and river basins. The intricate topography has contributed to the unique and varied landscapes across the nation.

Currency of North Korea

North Korean Won

The official currency of North Korea is the North Korean Won, symbolized as ₩. It is issued by the Central Bank of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and is used for all monetary transactions within the country.

Exchange Restrictions

Foreign currencies cannot be freely exchanged in North Korea, and the use of the North Korean Won is strictly enforced. Tourists and visitors are required to exchange their foreign currency into local currency at designated exchange centers.

Rates and Denominations

The exchange rate for the North Korean Won is tightly controlled and not openly published. The currency is available in banknotes and coins, with various denominations for different values, ranging from small amounts to larger bills.

Economic Impact

The North Korean economy heavily relies on the usage and regulation of the North Korean Won, and the currency plays a central role in the country’s financial system and international trade activities.

Economy of North Korea

GDP and Economic Structure: North Korea’s economy is primarily focused on industry, with an emphasis on military-related products. The country has a centralized, state-run economic system, and its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is estimated to be largely based on government spending.

Sanctions and Trade: North Korea faces strict international sanctions due to its nuclear program, which significantly impacts its international trade. The limited trade relationships are mainly with China and Russia.

Agriculture and Food Security: Agriculture plays a significant role in the North Korean economy, and the country continues to face challenges related to food security and self-sufficiency.

Informal Economy: In addition to the official state-controlled economy, there is a thriving informal economy, characterized by private markets and small-scale businesses, which has grown in importance in recent years.

Culture of North Korea

The culture of North Korea is deeply rooted in its history and traditions. Family values, respect for elders, and a strong sense of community are integral to North Korean culture. Traditional Korean clothing, known as hanbok, is often worn during important cultural and national events. The hanbok consists of vibrant colors and intricate designs, symbolizing the richness of Korean heritage.

The arts, including calligraphy, traditional dance, and music, play a significant role in North Korean culture. Pansori, a form of Korean traditional music, and traditional dances like Chosunmu and Talchum are celebrated as invaluable cultural assets.

Cultural festivals, such as the Pyongyang Spring International Cultural Festival, showcase various forms of art, music, and dance, promoting cultural exchange and unity among the people of North Korea.

Traditional Dances in North Korea

In North Korea, traditional dances play a significant role in reflecting the nation’s rich cultural heritage and history. One of the most well-known traditional dance forms is the “Lion Dance,” which symbolizes strength, power, and prosperity. Dancers adorned in colorful lion costumes perform intricate movements to the rhythmic beat of traditional music, captivating audiences with their coordinated agility and grace.

Another prominent dance is the “Ganggangsullae,” a circle dance performed by women during festive occasions. The dancers form a circular pattern, moving and singing in harmony, representing unity and celebration. The movements of the dance are fluid and elegant, showcasing the dancers’ skill and traditional attire.

Traditional Korean dances often incorporate elements of nature, with performers mimicking the movements of animals or expressing the beauty of the landscape. These dances are deeply rooted in Korean folklore and are preserved and celebrated as a vital part of the nation’s cultural identity.

With elaborate costumes, precise choreography, and captivating storytelling, traditional dances in North Korea continue to enchant and inspire audiences, offering a window into the country’s rich heritage and artistic expression.

North Korean Cuisine

Kimchi

Kimchi is a staple in North Korean cuisine, consisting of fermented vegetables, usually napa cabbage and radishes, seasoned with chili pepper, garlic, ginger, and various other spices. It is an essential side dish that provides a spicy and tangy flavor to any meal.

Bibimbap

Bibimbap is a popular mixed rice dish topped with an assortment of sautéed and seasoned vegetables, meat, and gochujang (chili pepper paste). It’s often served in a hot stone bowl, creating a delightful crispy rice layer at the bottom.

Naengmyeon

Naengmyeon is a cold noodle dish that’s especially popular during the hot summer months. The noodles are typically made from buckwheat and are served in a tangy iced broth with various toppings such as pickled radish, cucumber, and slices of boiled egg.

Gogigui (Korean BBQ)

Korean barbecue, known as gogigui, is a beloved dining experience where diners grill a variety of meats, such as beef, pork, and chicken, at their table. The meat is usually accompanied by an array of side dishes and condiments, creating an interactive and flavorful meal.

Famous Celebrities from North Korea

Athletes

Pak Doo-ik – Former North Korean soccer player who scored the famous goal against Italy in the 1966 FIFA World Cup.

Singer-songwriter

Hyon Song-Wol – Notable North Korean singer-songwriter and leader of the Moranbong Band.

Best cities to visit in North Korea

Pyongyang: The capital city of North Korea, Pyongyang offers a unique blend of modern skyscrapers and historic landmarks. Visitors can explore Kim Il Sung Square, the Juche Tower, and the Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum.

Kaesong: Known for its rich history, Kaesong is home to the UNESCO-listed Kaesong Koryo Museum and the centuries-old Nam Gate. The city’s traditional architecture and peaceful atmosphere make it a must-visit destination.

Wonsan: Situated along the scenic east coast, Wonsan is a picturesque port city with beautiful beaches and stunning natural landscapes. It’s an ideal location for beach-lovers and outdoor enthusiasts.

Nampo: As a major seaport in North Korea, Nampo offers a glimpse into the country’s industrial sector and provides access to the scenic West Sea Barrage and Chongsan-ri Cooperative Farm.

Must-see places in North Korea

Mount Baekdu

One of the most iconic natural wonders in North Korea, Mount Baekdu is a dormant volcano with a stunning crater lake at its summit. It is considered sacred in Korean culture and offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes.

Kumsusan Palace of the Sun

Formerly known as the Kumsusan Memorial Palace, it is the mausoleum for Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. The grand architecture and meticulous preservation make it a must-visit for understanding the history and ideology of North Korea.

Juche Tower

Constructed to honor Kim Il-sung’s 70th birthday, the Juche Tower stands as a symbol of North Korean philosophy. Visitors can take an elevator to the top for panoramic views of Pyongyang.

Mangyongdae Native House

This traditional Korean house is the birthplace of Kim Il-sung and is now a museum dedicated to his early life. It provides insight into the roots of North Korea’s founding leader.

Historical Sites in North Korea

Goguryeo Tombs

The Goguryeo Tombs, also known as the Complex of Koguryo Tombs, are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a significant historical site in North Korea. These ancient tombs, dating back to the 5th century, are remarkable for their unique architecture and valuable artifacts, providing insight into the cultural and religious practices of the ancient Goguryeo Kingdom.

Kaesong Old Town

The Kaesong Old Town is a well-preserved historical area that offers a glimpse into the traditional architecture and urban layout of Korea’s ancient capital. The town is famous for its historical significance, with landmarks such as the Nam Gate, Sungkyunkwan University, and the historic neighborhoods reflecting the rich history of the region.

Pyongyang Castle

Pyongyang Castle, also known as Rakrang, is an ancient fortress complex situated on Moran Hill. The site holds great historical significance and showcases the military and defensive architecture of ancient Korean kingdoms. Visitors can explore the ruins and gain an understanding of the strategic importance of the castle in protecting the region.

Natural Attractions in North Korea

Mount Kumgang

Mount Kumgang, also known as Diamond Mountain, is renowned for its stunning beauty and natural landscapes. The area is blessed with lush forests, cascading waterfalls, serene lakes, and picturesque valleys, making it a paradise for nature lovers and hikers.

Heaven Lake Chonji

Heaven Lake, located on the border between North Korea and China, is a crater lake formed by volcanic activity. The crystal-clear blue waters surrounded by rugged mountains create a mesmerizing scene that captivates visitors and offers a serene natural escape.

Myohyangsan Mountain

Myohyangsan Mountain is famous for its scenic beauty and historical significance. The area is adorned with ancient temples, mysterious caves, and dense forests, providing a tranquil setting for spiritual retreats and leisurely exploration.

North Korean Art and Architecture

Art

North Korean art is heavily influenced by themes of patriotism, socialist realism, and the glorification of the country’s leaders. The art often depicts scenes of industrious workers, remarkable achievements, and the beauty of the country’s landscapes. Paintings, sculptures, and murals play a significant role in conveying the ideology and spirit of North Korea. The use of vibrant colors and meticulous attention to detail is a hallmark of North Korean art, reflecting the nation’s dedication to portraying a positive and prosperous image.

Architecture

The architecture of North Korea is marked by grandeur and symbolism. Monolithic structures, such as the towering Kumsusan Palace of the Sun and the futuristic Ryugyong Hotel, showcase the country’s ambitious and grand architectural vision. Traditional Korean architectural elements are integrated into modern buildings, creating a blend of heritage and modernity. Elaborate mosaic designs and intricate pattern work adorn many buildings, adding to the visual richness of the urban landscape.

Traditional Clothing in North Korea

In North Korea, traditional clothing plays a significant role in the cultural identity of its people. The most iconic traditional attire is the hanbok, which is characterized by vibrant colors and intricate designs. The hanbok consists of a jeogori (jacket) and chima (skirt) for women, while men wear a jeogori and baji (pants). The attire is often accompanied by accessories such as norigae (decorative ornaments) and gulle (headgear).

Each region in North Korea has its own unique variations of traditional clothing, showcasing the diversity and richness of the country’s cultural heritage. The attire is often worn during important ceremonies, festivals, and special occasions to celebrate the nation’s customs and traditions.

Festivals and Events in North Korea

Arirang Festival

The Arirang Festival, also known as the Mass Games, is a grand spectacle featuring thousands of

performers showcasing synchronized movements, acrobatics, and vibrant displays of colors. Visitors are mesmerized by the precision and scale of this world-renowned event, held annually in Pyongyang.

Pyongyang International Film Festival

This prestigious film festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world. It provides a platform for showcasing international and domestic films, fostering cultural exchange, and honoring creativity in filmmaking.

North Korea Spring Friendship Art Festival

An event celebrating cultural diversity and international friendship through music, dance, and

performances. It welcomes artists and troupes from various countries, promoting collaboration and understanding through the universal language of the arts.

Sports in North Korea

Football

Football is one of the most popular sports in North Korea, with a strong emphasis on teamwork and discipline. It is a widely played sport, and the country has a national football team that competes internationally. The Korean people take great pride in their football achievements and regularly participate in local tournaments and matches.

Taekwondo

Taekwondo is a traditional Korean martial art that is widely practiced in North Korea. It emphasizes self- defense, discipline, and respect. The country has produced many skilled taekwondo practitioners who have achieved recognition on the international stage. Taekwondo is an integral part of the sports culture in North Korea.

Table Tennis

Table tennis is a popular indoor sport in North Korea, with many dedicated players and enthusiastic fans. It is seen as a great way to enhance hand-eye coordination and mental agility. The country has produced talented table tennis players who have excelled in regional and international competitions.

Gymnastics

Gymnastics holds a special place in North Korean sports culture. The country has a strong tradition of producing exceptional gymnasts known for their grace, strength, and technical precision. The emphasis on discipline and dedication has led to significant accomplishments in the field of gymnastics.

Education System in North Korea

The education system in North Korea is highly centralized and controlled by the government. It emphasizes political education, particularly the ideology of Juche, which emphasizes self-reliance and devotion to the North Korean leadership. Students are required to participate in various political activities and youth organizations, such as the Young Pioneer Corps and the Kimilsungist-Kimjongilist Youth League.

Education is mandatory for children aged 5 to 16, comprising one year of preschool and 11 years of primary and secondary education. After completing compulsory education, students have the option to attend one of the few institutions of higher education, including Kim Il-sung University and Kim Chaek University of Technology.

The curriculum includes subjects such as mathematics, science, technology, foreign languages, and physical education. Additionally, there is a strong focus on music, art, and history, often with a nationalist and propaganda-driven approach. The education system in North Korea reflects the government’s priorities and plays a crucial role in shaping the worldview of its citizens.

The infrastructure of schools and educational resources are often limited, with many schools lacking basic amenities. Despite these challenges, North Korea boasts a high literacy rate, showcasing the effectiveness of its education system in providing basic skills to its population.

Healthcare System in North Korea

The healthcare system in North Korea is primarily run and managed by the government through a centralized approach. The country faces various challenges in providing adequate healthcare, including limited resources, outdated medical equipment, and a lack of access to modern medicines. Despite these challenges, North Korea has made progress in achieving some healthcare goals, such as reducing maternal and child mortality rates.

Healthcare services in North Korea are provided free of charge to citizens, with a network of hospitals, clinics, and community health centers established throughout the country. However, the quality of care and availability of medical supplies can vary significantly depending on the region, with rural areas often facing more significant deficiencies.

Traditional medicine, including herbal remedies and acupuncture, continues to play a significant role in North Korea’s healthcare system. Moreover, the government promotes preventive healthcare measures to address public health issues such as infectious diseases and malnutrition.

Transportation in North Korea

Train Travel

North Korea has an extensive rail network, with trains being a popular mode of transportation for both locals and tourists. The train system connects major cities and provides a unique way to experience the country’s scenic countryside.

Public Buses

Public buses are commonly used for urban transportation within cities in North Korea. They are an affordable and accessible option for getting around and experiencing the daily lives of the locals.

Bicycle Exploration

Bicycles are widely used for short-distance travel in North Korea. Exploring the streets and rural areas by bicycle can provide an intimate and unique perspective of the country’s daily life and culture.

Metro System

North Korea’s capital, Pyongyang, boasts a modern and efficient metro system. Visitors can experience the elaborate metro stations adorned with chandeliers, mosaics, and unique architecture.

North Korean Language

The Korean language, spoken in North Korea, is a unique and fascinating aspect of the country’s culture. It is the official language and is known for its complex grammar and formal speech levels. The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, was created in the 15th century and is celebrated for its scientific and systematic nature, making it relatively easy to learn compared to other languages.

North Korean language is deeply ingrained in the country’s history, culture, and identity, with a rich literary tradition dating back centuries. The language plays a significant role in shaping societal norms and etiquette, reflecting the values and customs of the North Korean people. With distinct regional dialects and a strong emphasis on respect and formality, mastering the nuances of the Korean language is essential for understanding the depth of North Korean society.

Religion in North Korea

Freedom of religion: The constitution of North Korea guarantees freedom of religious belief, but in reality, the communist regime enforces state atheism and suppresses all forms of religious worship. The government tightly controls religious activities and only allows a few state-controlled religious groups to exist.

State ideology: The ideology of Juche, which emphasizes self-reliance and the idea that man is the master of his own destiny, is considered the state religion. The cult of personality surrounding the Kim dynasty also plays a quasi-religious role in the country.

Christianity: Despite severe persecution, there is an underground Christian community in North Korea, with estimates ranging in the tens of thousands. Worship is typically conducted in secret due to the risks involved.

Buddhism and Shamanism: Historically, Buddhism and shamanistic practices existed in North Korea, but under the current regime, these traditions have largely been suppressed or manipulated for political purposes.

Media and Communication in North Korea

State-Controlled Media

In North Korea, all forms of media, including television, radio, and newspapers, are strictly controlled by the state. The government heavily censors and regulates the content to ensure that it aligns with the ruling ideology and portrays the country in a positive light. The media serves as a tool for propaganda, promoting the leadership and discouraging any information that challenges the regime.

Limited Access to Outside Information

Citizens have extremely limited access to foreign media and communication. The internet is heavily restricted, with access limited to a select few elite individuals. The government tightly controls the flow of information and actively blocks foreign websites and social media platforms. As a result, North Koreans have little exposure to external news, entertainment, and cultural exchange.

Role of Communication in Propaganda

Communication in North Korea is primarily used as a tool for political indoctrination. The government utilizes various forms of media and communication to reinforce nationalistic sentiments and loyalty to the regime. The country’s mass games and state-sponsored performances serve as powerful propaganda tools, glorifying the leadership and promoting unity among the population.

Emerging Underground Media

Despite the strict regulations, a clandestine underground media network has emerged in North Korea, with citizens accessing foreign media through smuggled DVDs, USB drives, and illegal radio broadcasts. This underground media provides a rare glimpse into the outside world and challenges the state’s control over information, contributing to a growing desire for change among some North Koreans.

Tourism in North Korea

Lush Landscapes

North Korea is renowned for its breathtaking, lush landscapes, offering visitors the chance to explore stunning mountains, picturesque valleys, and serene lakes. The natural beauty of the countryside provides a serene backdrop for outdoor activities, hiking, and eco-tourism adventures.

Architectural Wonders

The country boasts a wealth of traditional and modern architectural wonders, including ancient temples, palaces, and unique urban landscapes. Visitors are drawn to the intricate craftsmanship and historical significance of these structures, offering a window into North Korea’s rich cultural heritage.

Cultural Experiences

Travelers have the opportunity to immerse themselves in North Korean culture through traditional dance performances, folk music, and art exhibitions. This provides a unique insight into the country’s traditions, customs, and artistic expressions.

Culinary Delights

Exploring local street food markets allows visitors to savor the diverse and flavorful North Korean cuisine, featuring a variety of savory dishes, snacks, and traditional delicacies. It’s an opportunity to experience authentic flavors and culinary customs.

Travel Tips for Visiting North Korea

Respect local customs and traditions: When visiting North Korea, it’s essential to respect and adhere to local customs and traditions. Taking the time to learn about and follow North Korean etiquette and cultural norms will help ensure a positive and respectful experience during your visit.

Travel with a reputable tour company: Due to the complex regulations and restrictions in North Korea, it’s highly recommended to travel with a reputable tour company that specializes in organizing trips to the country. This will ensure proper guidance, support, and adherence to local laws and regulations.

Be mindful of photography and communication: Photography and communication are closely monitored in North Korea. Always ask for permission before taking photos, especially of military or government buildings. Additionally, be cautious about discussing sensitive topics, as outspoken criticism of the government can lead to severe consequences.

Be prepared for limited connectivity: Internet access is extremely limited in North Korea, and international communication is heavily restricted. Visitors should be prepared to have limited connectivity, access to certain websites, and communication with the outside world.

Follow travel advisories and regulations: Stay informed about the latest travel advisories and regulations when planning a trip to North Korea. It’s important to be aware of any changes or restrictions that may impact your visit and to comply with the requirements set forth by the North Korean government.

Conclusion

After exploring various aspects of North Korea, it’s evident that the country is a place of great intrigue and mystery. Despite its complex political and social landscape, North Korea boasts a rich cultural heritage and stunning natural landscapes that are sure to captivate any visitor.

While there are limitations to travel and a need for careful consideration of cultural sensitivities, experiencing North Korea firsthand can provide unique insights and unforgettable experiences. It’s essential to approach travel to North Korea with an open mind and a respectful attitude towards its people and customs.